As more females begin to play Rugby, the case for universities and high schools to support it under Title IX continues to grow. Rugby is the only full-contact, tackle team sport that compares to American Football. And, it's less expensive to fund. Research indicates that the sport has Injury rates that are comparable to soccer.
A highly recommended resource for college teams
Nearly everything presented also applies to interscholastic athletics as well.
State of Washington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction (K12).
Excellent example of what K12 schools / state athletic associations should be doing.
NCAA Publications: Guides & Reports on Gender Equity
Title IX Compliance in Scholastic Athletics (Lee Green, J.D., High School Today, May 2012, NFHS)
Where Girls Are Missing Out on High-School Sports (The Atlantic, June 26, 2015)
Title IX at 50: A Report by National Coalition for Women and Girls in Education (National Coalition for Women and Girls in Education, 2022)
Title IX at 40: Working to Ensure Gender Equity in Education. (National Coalition for Women and Girls in Education, 2012)
Title IX and the Evolution of High School Sports (Betsy Stevenson)
U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Educational Statistics (2005). User's Guide to Developing Student Interest Surveys Under Title IX (NCES 2005-173),
While court cases involving university athletic programs tend to draw the most national media attention, Title IX applies equally to interscholastic as well as intercollegiate athletics, The following cases are instructive for school administrators by providing a "blueprint for Title IX compliance by scholastic sports programs" (Lee Green, J.D., sports law contributor to NFHS).
Olier v Sweetwater Union HS - US Court of Appeals, 9th Circuit, 2014 Opinion (pdf)
2015 (Jul-01) OCR Resolution Agreement with Chicago Public Schools (pdf)
2015 (Jan-22) OCR Resolution Agreement with NYC Public Schools (pdf)
2022 - US 9th Circuit Court of Appeals recognizes four (4) female students is sufficient for class action status (Hawaii Title IX case)
Student Enrollment Data
TEA: PEIMS Standard Reports (Texas K-12)
Reports on enrollment, gender, disadvantaged, etc
Athletic Participation Data
Open Records Request from Local School Districts
You need to do this to get data on athletic participation as well as on athletic spending
See our page on Filing an Open Records Requests
Texas does not have an "Equity In Athletics Disclosure Act" (EADA) for K-12 schools.
There is some movement to pass an EADA for high schools at the federal level. Generally, gaps in opportunity at the collegiate level reduced significantly once these institutions were required to annually report and publish their data.
Equity in Athletics: Data Analysis (collegiate athletics)
Information provided under the "Equity In Athletics Disclosure Act", a federal law.
Reported annually to the US Department of Education
A publication of Champion Women
Based EADA Data and updated annually